One-sentence brief
Readers deserve to know whether uncertainty belongs to the source, the evidence, the analytic judgment, the legal forum, or the probability of an event.
INFORMATION INTEGRITY, OVERSIGHT, AND DIGITAL RIGHTS
A vocabulary for distinguishing claimed, observed, reported, corroborated, officially attributed, alleged in court, adjudicated, disproved, superseded, and unresolved statements.
ORIENTATION
Readers deserve to know whether uncertainty belongs to the source, the evidence, the analytic judgment, the legal forum, or the probability of an event.
WORKING BRIEF
A claim can be unverified, partially corroborated, contradicted, legally alleged, judicially established, withdrawn, corrected, or superseded. Status is not the same as confidence.
High, moderate, or low confidence should explain source quality, directness, agreement, gaps, assumptions, and alternatives. Confidence does not automatically translate into a numeric probability.
Probability-like language and evidentiary confidence should remain in separate fields. A likely event can be supported with low confidence; a well-documented source can still make an improbable claim.
“Posted” and “claimed” require less than “linked,” “directed,” “proved,” or “caused.” “According to,” “the court found,” “the platform assessed,” and “researchers reported” preserve the decision source.
An investigation, complaint, indictment, charge, plea, trial finding, appellate judgment, and settlement are not interchangeable. A dismissed or withdrawn theory should remain visible in chronology.
A strong record can explain what remains unknown and what would verify it. “Cannot determine” is more trustworthy than manufacturing a middle position between unsupported alternatives.
COMPLETE DOSSIER
Terms are defined for this site’s evidence method, not as universal legal or clinical definitions.
| Layer | Evidence that supports it | What it does not establish | Safer public treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observation | Archived item, timestamp, text, image, filing, or public record | Identity, sponsor, intent, reach, or effect | State exactly what was observed |
| Attribution | Direct technical, documentary, legal, or independently corroborated links | Organization-wide responsibility or hidden principal without evidence | Name the claimant and confidence |
| Impact | Measured exposure, outage, decision, or adjudicated harm | Causal effect from virality or visibility alone | Separate reach from effect |
| Correction | Versioned status, reason, affected routes, and preserved prior state | Silent certainty upgrade or deleted uncertainty | Publish the change and reopening trigger |
Are observation, behavior, actor, sponsor, intent, reach, effect, legal finding, and remedy separated?
Pass condition: Each asserted rung has its own evidence and status.
Do multiple citations trace to genuinely independent origins?
Pass condition: The citation tree identifies common origins, actor-controlled material, and circular reporting.
Does the wording match the actual evidence and decision forum?
Pass condition: Claimant labels, confidence, disputes, unknowns, and safer verbs remain visible.
Can a later record revise one claim without silently rewriting the rest?
Pass condition: Version, reason, affected routes, superseded state, and reopening trigger are recorded.
Does the page avoid operational enablement, identity harm, profiling, and protected-trait inference?
Pass condition: Only public-interest educational analysis is present, with privacy and remedy boundaries.
RESEARCH EDITION
This page follows the public method for provenance, confidence, source independence, alternative accounts, limitations, review state, and visible correction.
CONTINUE