One-sentence brief
A model can be technically correct in its original setting and unfair or invalid when copied elsewhere without new evidence.
INTERNATIONAL SIMULATION LITERACY
How missing records, changing definitions, language coverage, infrastructure differences, and calibration context limit international model transfer.
ORIENTATION
A model can be technically correct in its original setting and unfair or invalid when copied elsewhere without new evidence.
WORKING BRIEF
Variables with the same label may be collected differently or represent different legal and social categories.
Data may be missing because of resource limits, conflict, secrecy, language, infrastructure, exclusion, or low incidence. Each mechanism has different implications.
Parameters estimated in one place may encode its mobility, services, demographics, institutions, climate, or reporting.
English-only research can miss primary law, local correction, institutional terminology, and community knowledge.
Compare error, coverage, access, correction, and material consequences across regions and cohorts. Equal average accuracy can coexist with severe local harm.
When evidence is inadequate, defer publication or narrow the claim. A visible research-queued state is more honest than an invented profile or transferred parameter.
COMPLETE DOSSIER
Terms are defined for this site’s evidence method, not as universal legal or clinical definitions.
RESEARCH EDITION
This page follows the public method for provenance, confidence, source independence, alternative accounts, limitations, review state, and visible correction.
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