World Context: Canada

Source and mapping status

This page maps the site registry entry “Canada” to the supplied dataset entity “Canada.” Mapping status: exact-name. The source is a frozen 2025 snapshot; dates embedded in individual fields remain controlling.

• Source entity count: 1.
• Selected public fields present: 19.
• Independent corroboration in this page: none.

Place and environment

Location: Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US Area: total : 9,984,670 sq km; land: 9,093,507 sq km; water: 891,163 sq km Climate: varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north Terrain: mostly plains with mountains in west, lowlands in southeast Natural hazards: continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains; volcanism: the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant Environmental issues: air pollution and acid rain from vehicle emissions, coal-burning, and metal smelting severely affecting lakes and forests; seawater pollution from agriculture, industry, mining, and forestry

Population, settlement, and language context

Population: total: 39,187,155 (2025 est.); male: 19,515,416; female: 19,671,739 Population distribution: vast majority of the population lives in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km (186 mi) of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia Urbanization: urban population: 81.9% of total population (2023); rate of urbanization: 0.95% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) Languages: English (official) 87.1%, French (official) 29.1%, Chinese languages 4.2%, Spanish 3.2%, Punjabi 2.6%, Arabic 2.4%, Tagalog 2.3%, Italian 1.5% (2022 est.)

Public and legal context

Capital: name: Ottawa; geographic coordinates: 45 25 N, 75 42 W; time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time); daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; time zone note: Canada has six time zones; etymology: the city lies on the south bank of the Ottawa River, from which it derives its name; the river name comes from the Algonquin word adawe , meaning "to trade" Government type: federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and responsibilities regulated in constitution Legal system: common law system except in Quebec, where civil law based on the French civil code prevails

Economy and connectivity context

Economic overview: high-income economy and second-largest US trading partner; key timber, oil, and gas industries; trade uncertainties and weak business investments contributing to economic slowdown; high and growing public debt; inflation moderating but remains above target range Industries: transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum, natural gas Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) Internet users: percent of population: 94% (2023 est.) Airports: 1,459 (2025) Ports: total ports: 284 (2024); large: 4; medium: 14; small: 58; very small: 149; size unknown: 59; ports with oil terminals: 59; key ports: Argentia, Canaport (St. John), Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, New Westminster, Pond Inlet, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Sept Iles, St. John, Sydney, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Trois Rivieres, Vancouver, Victoria Harbor, Windsor

Interpretation and freshness boundary

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