World Context: Egypt

Source and mapping status

This page maps the site registry entry “Egypt” to the supplied dataset entity “Egypt.” Mapping status: exact-name. The source is a frozen 2025 snapshot; dates embedded in individual fields remain controlling.

• Source entity count: 1.
• Selected public fields present: 19.
• Independent corroboration in this page: none.

Place and environment

Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula Area: total : 1,001,450 sq km; land: 995,450 sq km; water: 6,000 sq km Climate: desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters Terrain: vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta Natural hazards: periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms Environmental issues: rapid growth in population straining natural resources; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution in coastal ecosystems; water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; limited natural freshwater resources away from the Nile

Population, settlement, and language context

Population: total: 112,870,457 (2025 est.); male: 57,960,635; female: 54,909,822 Population distribution: approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km (12 mi) of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited, as shown in this population distribution map Urbanization: urban population: 43.1% of total population (2023); rate of urbanization: 1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) Languages: Arabic (official); English and French widely understood by educated classes

Public and legal context

Capital: name: Cairo; geographic coordinates: 30 03 N, 31 15 E; time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Friday in April; ends last Friday in October; etymology: the ancient Egyptian name of the original city was Khere-ohe or Kheri-aha; the modern city's name may also derive from the Arabic al-qahir , meaning "the victorious;" this is an Arabic name for the planet Mars, which was in the ascendant on the day in 969 A.D. when construction on the new part of the city began Government type: presidential republic Legal system: mixed system based on Napoleonic civil and penal law, Islamic religious law, and vestiges of colonial-era laws; Supreme Constitutional Court reviews laws

Economy and connectivity context

Economic overview: Africa’s second-largest economy; 2030 Vision to diversify markets and energy infrastructure; improving fiscal, external, and current accounts; underperforming private sector; poor labor force participation; expanded credit access Industries: textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) Internet users: percent of population: 73% (2023 est.) Airports: 73 (2025) Ports: total ports: 31 (2024); large: 5; medium: 1; small: 8; very small: 16; size unknown: 1; ports with oil terminals: 17; key ports: Ain Sukhna Terminal, Al Iskandariyh (Alexandria), As Suways, Bur Sa'id, Damietta, Ras Shukhier

Interpretation and freshness boundary

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