World Context: Lebanon

Source and mapping status

This page maps the site registry entry “Lebanon” to the supplied dataset entity “Lebanon.” Mapping status: exact-name. The source is a frozen 2025 snapshot; dates embedded in individual fields remain controlling.

• Source entity count: 1.
• Selected public fields present: 19.
• Independent corroboration in this page: none.

Place and environment

Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria Area: total : 10,400 sq km; land: 10,230 sq km; water: 170 sq km Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; the Lebanon Mountains experience heavy winter snows Terrain: narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains Natural hazards: earthquakes; dust storms, sandstorms Environmental issues: deforestation; soil deterioration, erosion; desertification; species loss; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills; waste-water management

Population, settlement, and language context

Population: total: 5,364,482 (2024 est.); male: 2,678,543; female: 2,685,939 Population distribution: the majority of people live on or near the Mediterranean coast, particularly in and around the capital of Beirut Urbanization: urban population: 89.4% of total population (2023); rate of urbanization: -1.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) Languages: Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian

Public and legal context

Capital: name: Beirut; geographic coordinates: 33 52 N, 35 30 E; time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October; etymology: derived from the Phoenician or Hebrew word be'erot , meaning "the wells," which were the only source of water in the region Government type: parliamentary democratic republic Legal system: mixed system of civil law based on the French civil code, Ottoman legal tradition, and religious laws covering personal status, marriage, divorce, and other family relations of the Jewish, Islamic, and Christian communities

Economy and connectivity context

Economic overview: lower middle-income Middle Eastern economy; hyperinflation and sharp poverty increases; banks have ceased lending; economic contraction, destroyed infrastructure, and reduced consumer demand resulting from Israel-Hezbollah conflict Industries: banking, tourism, real estate and construction, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) Internet users: percent of population: 84% (2023 est.) Airports: 8 (2025) Ports: total ports: 5 (2024); large: 1; medium: 1; small: 0; very small: 3; ports with oil terminals: 3; key ports: Bayrut, Sayda, Selaata, Sidon/zahrani Terminal, Tarabulus

Interpretation and freshness boundary

Use these fields to ask better questions about material conditions, access, distance, public administration, and information availability. Do not use them to infer intelligence capability, government intent, personal loyalty, protected traits, or a permanent national character. Reverify any time-sensitive claim before publication or comparison.