World Context: Sudan

Source and mapping status

This page maps the site registry entry “Sudan” to the supplied dataset entity “Sudan.” Mapping status: exact-name. The source is a frozen 2025 snapshot; dates embedded in individual fields remain controlling.

• Source entity count: 1.
• Selected public fields present: 19.
• Independent corroboration in this page: none.

Place and environment

Location: north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea Area: total : 1,861,484 sq km; land: 1,731,671 sq km; water: 129,813 sq km Climate: hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November) Terrain: generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north Natural hazards: dust storms and periodic persistent droughts Environmental issues: water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water; water scarcity and drought; overhunting; soil erosion; desertification; deforestation; loss of biodiversity

Population, settlement, and language context

Population: total: 50,467,278 (2024 est.); male: 25,335,092; female: 25,132,186 Population distribution: with the exception of a ribbon of settlement that corresponds to the banks of the Nile, northern Sudan is sparsely populated; sizeable areas of population are found around Khartoum, southeast between the Blue and White Nile Rivers, and throughout South Darfur, as shown on this population distribution map Urbanization: urban population: 36.3% of total population (2023); rate of urbanization: 3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) Languages: Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur

Public and legal context

Capital: name: Khartoum; geographic coordinates: 15 36 N, 32 32 E; time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); etymology: the name derives from the Arabic words ras (head or end) and al-khurtum (elephant's trunk), referring to the narrow strip of land between the Blue and White Niles where the city is located Government type: presidential republic Legal system: mixed system of Islamic law and English common law

Economy and connectivity context

Economic overview: low-income Sahel economy devastated by ongoing civil war; major impacts on rural income, basic commodity prices, industrial production, agricultural supply chain, communications and commerce; hyperinflation and currency depreciation worsening food access and humanitarian conditions Industries: oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly, milling Electricity access: electrification - total population: 63.2% (2022 est.); electrification - urban areas: 84%; electrification - rural areas: 49.4% Internet users: percent of population: 26% (2020 est.) Airports: 45 (2025) Ports: total ports: 4 (2024); large: 0; medium: 2; small: 2; very small: 0; ports with oil terminals: 3; key ports: Al Khair Oil Terminal, Beshayer Oil Terminal, Port Sudan, Sawakin Harbor

Interpretation and freshness boundary

Use these fields to ask better questions about material conditions, access, distance, public administration, and information availability. Do not use them to infer intelligence capability, government intent, personal loyalty, protected traits, or a permanent national character. Reverify any time-sensitive claim before publication or comparison.