One-sentence brief
No single model family is universally realistic. Understanding what each family aggregates is essential before interpreting its output.
SIMULATION LITERACY
A comparative guide to four common model families and the kinds of heterogeneity, interaction, and uncertainty each preserves.
ORIENTATION
No single model family is universally realistic. Understanding what each family aggregates is essential before interpreting its output.
WORKING BRIEF
Agent-based models represent many entities with states, attributes, and rules. They can explore heterogeneity, local adaptation, and emergent patterns, but their apparent richness can conceal weak calibration or arbitrary behavioral rules.
Compartmental models group entities into states and model flows between them. They are often interpretable and computationally efficient, but they assume meaningful aggregation and may miss network clustering or individual pathways.
Cellular models divide space into cells whose states change using local rules. They make adjacency and diffusion visible, but the chosen grid, neighborhood, and update order can materially shape the outcome.
Network models represent nodes and connections such as contact, trade, transport, information, or dependency. They can reveal centrality and cascades, but edge meaning and missing links require careful provenance.
Use the same scenario across more than one plausible model family when structural uncertainty is high. Agreement can increase confidence only when the models and data are genuinely independent.
A model can pass automated tests while still misrepresenting people, cultures, access conditions, or legal rights. Domain, accessibility, regional, and lived-experience review should challenge the model's categories and consequences.
COMPLETE DOSSIER
Terms are defined for this site’s evidence method, not as universal legal or clinical definitions.
RESEARCH EDITION
This page follows the public method for provenance, confidence, source independence, alternative accounts, limitations, review state, and visible correction.
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