One-sentence brief
One dramatic run can be an accident of assumptions or randomness. Paired controls and ensembles show whether a claimed effect survives reasonable alternatives.
SIMULATION LITERACY
Why responsible simulation compares branches, baselines, seeds, and model structures instead of publishing a single privileged run.
ORIENTATION
One dramatic run can be an accident of assumptions or randomness. Paired controls and ensembles show whether a claimed effect survives reasonable alternatives.
WORKING BRIEF
A baseline is the comparison condition. It should be plausible, documented, and run with the same data and evaluation rules as the intervention case.
Using the same seed or matched synthetic cohort across policy variants reduces noise and makes differences more attributable to the policy contract.
An ensemble combines multiple parameter sets, seeds, datasets, or model structures. The spread of outcomes can communicate uncertainty better than one central line.
A counterfactual branch asks what would happen under a different event or policy. It is not observed history and may become less reliable as it moves farther from the branch point.
Failed baselines and adverse scenarios are important evidence. Removing them after a correction prevents regression testing and creates an unrealistically clean history.
Agreement across runs strengthens a conclusion only when the ensemble spans credible uncertainty. Disagreement is informative and should guide collection, review, or narrower claims.
COMPLETE DOSSIER
Terms are defined for this site’s evidence method, not as universal legal or clinical definitions.
RESEARCH EDITION
This page follows the public method for provenance, confidence, source independence, alternative accounts, limitations, review state, and visible correction.
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